Jaltomato (Jaltomata sp. div.) – part 2

I have already described a few Jaltomato species on February 2018. Now I am writing about my experiences with growing 4 new species + a few additional photos of some ones described before.

Jaltomata viscosa = Schraderanthus viscosus fruits

Back-serrated Jaltomato (Jaltomata repandidentata) this is herbaceous perennial something similar to Common Jaltomato (J. procumbens) (other in details), distributed from Mexico to Bolivia. It has unequal anthers and its black fruits have something other taste  (without daylily-like aftertaste and more acidic) than of the second one. It often grows in natural range on coffee plantations. It can be easily grown in temperate areas in the same ways as common tomatoes and is not day-longevity sensitive (easily blooms in summer in northern areas). As in case of other Jaltomatos sow the seeds surface.

The flowers

Young fruits

The fruits are delicious

Tuberous root

Bohs Jaltomato, Small-fruit Jaltomato (Jaltomata bohsiana) – this herbaceous perennial native to Mexico is also similar to Common Jaltomato but has smaller fruits and small purple flowering calyxes, and taste of fruits is something different (they are sub-acid, delicious). Easy to growing in north temperate areas (as common tomatoes).   

The flowers

Young fruits

The flower in first day of blooming

The flower in a second day

Ripe fruits - they are very small, but tasty

Tuberous roots

Contorted Jaltomato (Jaltomata contorta) – this species known only from Peru where grows in such habitats as steeps or rugged places or cliffs. Very similar to other black berry Jaltomatos, especially J. repandidentata, but varies from this last by straight filaments and the anthers uniform in size (J. repandidentata has sigmoid filaments and exhibits size variation among the undehisced anthers in a flowers). According me it is very similar to J. procumbens, and I saw that this name (Jaltomata contorta) is often given as synonym name to widely treated species J. procumbens (but they differ mainly by distribution range – because J. procumbens does not grow in Peru). The fruits have very similar taste to Common Jaltomato (J. procumbens). 

The plant in flowers

The flower in first day of blooming

The flower in the second day

The ripe fruits

Tuberous roots

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sticky Red Jaltomato (Schraderanthus viscosus, syn. Jaltomata viscosa) this is tall herbaceous annual or perennial herbaceous shrub native to Mexico. This is very characteristic species with unique combination of features, which is not meet in other relatives so it has been recently excluded from genus Jaltomata to  monotypic genus Schraderanthus. It creates large, bright red berries, which are covered by large green calyx first, which becomes yellow and flat, and next strongly reflexed and red at fruit maturity. These berries are probably inedible (bitter in taste). Also its greenish-white flowers are quite large. Whole plant is sticky and glandular pubescent. It needs rather long growing period and should be sown early (but it is possible to grow it as annual in northern temperate areas, especially if it is grown in pots taken inside in autumn, where fruits can easily mature). Needs much of sunlight and well drained, fertile soil, and is resistant to water-lodging when grown in pots. A very interesting taxon, hard to find in trading.

This is tree-like plant

Young flower

The flowers are quite large

Young fruit

Ripening fruit

The plant in fruits

Fully ripe fruit

Fruits fall down when ripe

The fruits of this species are bitter and inedible

Jaltomate Negro, Creeping False Holly,Common Jaltomato (Jaltomata procumbens) - this subtropical herbaceous perennial from USA (Arizona), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela which I have already described before. I would like only to add here that the tuberous rootstocks of this species can be easily stored by winter in cool, frost free place in moist sand or sphagnum moss and next replanted in spring outside (in April or May, after last frosts). 

I grew two forms - one cultivated and one wild

The tuberous roots of cultivated form (2 years old)

The tubers of wild Mexican form (2 years old)

Green-fruit Jaltomato (Jaltomata tlaxcala) - I also described before this closest relative to the previous one, and last fall I noticed that it can be also easily stored by winter as this one. The fruits of this herb are very delicious  (better than Common Jaltomato) if they ripe in much of sunlight and warm, but if they are ripening in cool weather in autumn (due to late sowing date before) they are not tasty.

The tuberous roots

Jaltomato (Jaltomata sp. div.)

Genus Jaltomata belongs to family Solanaceae. There occur about 60 species in Central and South America. They have often edible fruits and small but sometimes very ornamental flowers. Some species are herbaceous perennials which creates annual shoots and permanent undergrown tuberous rhizomes. Other ones are evergreen or deciduous shrubs with (half-) woody stems. Fruits – berries with large calyxes – similar in structure to small tomatoes are black or orange (rarely red) colored. The taste of them is various depending to species. They can be more or less easily propagated by seeds (sown surface, GA3 can help). I tried to grow 6 species.

Jaltomata sinousa (Tomatito)

 The most known is Jaltomata procumbens (Stoop Jaltomato, Black Jaltomato). It is herb to 1.8 m high (but usual smaller), erect to procumbent, often branched, with underground tuberous rootstock. The flowers are white or pale yellow, hairy and fruits black (rarely green). It is native to Central and South America (from Arizona to Ecuador). The fruits tastes not very well raw, but can be used to making delicious jams. Some accessions are very easy to growing in temperate areas but other are difficult. I grew two forms: one bought in seed-shop (very easy and fruited abundantly, fruits dropped down when riped) and the second one gathered from wild state from Mexico. The last was difficult and unless it grew large and flowered freely but it created only a few fruits (which did not fall down). 

Jaltomata procumbens (the form commercially sold as fruiting plant)

The flower

Ripening fruits

Ripe fruits

The coin on the photos is size about 2,5cm = 1inch

Jaltomata procumbens (the wild form from Mexico)

Unripe fruit

The closest cousin of J.procumbens is Jaltomata tlaxcala (Green Jaltomato) – it is even recognized by scientists as one of the green fruit forms of the first species. They both are very similar but fruits are yellow-green when ripe (they fall down then) and the taste of J. tlaxcala is much better – sweet and aromatic, very good also raw. Both these species can be easy grown as annuals but I am trying now wintering the tuberous rhizomes in slightly moist soil in pots and in Sphagnum moss in cellar (in cool temperatures but protected before a frost).

Jaltomata tlaxcala

The ripe fruits of this species are yellow-green and very sweet

Next species which I grew with success is Jaltomata sinuosa  (Tomatito, Mishuñan, Tungay, Curving Jaltomato) from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru (it is probably Incan cultivate relict). This is erect plant which grows to about 1-2 m = 3-7ft tall in one season. The leaves of this species are quite hairy, flowers lovely blue and fruits orange with good taste raw. It is a perennial shrub which can die back and resprout in cooler climate, but is not resistant to frosts. It can be also grown as annual or can be wintered on windows sill in warm, sunny place (or also probably shortly in cool, dark cellar). It starts to flowering also during long days in temperate northern summer and fruits easily. 

Jaltomata sinuosa

Unripe fruits

The fruits fall down when ripe

I tried growing 3 other species (also from Peru) yet, but without success (they not fruited). The reason can be lacking of pollinators, or possible (but I am not sure it) self-incompalibity (I grew only 1 plant of each species). 

The first of them is Jaltomata bernardelloana (Sogorome de la Castilla, Bernardello’s Jaltomato). It is (half-)woody shrub 1-2 (5) m = 3-7 (16) ft tall with orange fruits. It creates medium size ovate hairy leaves and very ornamental purple flowers. It started to flowering early in my 50° N latitude, so I have a hope that in next years it will create fruits yet. 

Jaltomata bernardelloana

Young seedling

Jaltomata cajacayensis (Musho, Cajacay Jaltomato). It is very little know plant. It is small evergreen half-woody shrub and has rather small leaves and twisted, very well branched twigs. The flowers are very small and whitish. Fruits are orange colored. It started to full flowering very late (in end of September) so it can be very difficult to growing in northern temperate areas in open gardens.

Jaltomata cajacayensis 

The seedling

The flowers are very small but lovely

The last species which I grew is Jaltomata ventricosa (Sorogome, Ventricose Jaltomato) from northern Peru. This is erect herbaceous shrub to 1,5m = 5ft tall with glabrous leaves. Flowers of this species are very lovely and fruits orange colored, but this is probably stricte short-day-flowering species and it have not flowered at all in my experience.

Jaltomata ventricosa

It is day-length sensitive blooming plant and it has never flowered in my experience

 

There exist numerous other Jaltomata species yet. If you have seeds of any of them please write to me.